Role of Obesity on Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care: An Integrative Review, The

Long, Temberly

Publication

Role of Obesity on Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care: An Integrative Review, The

Long, Temberly

Description

Background/Purpose: Obesity is a primary and independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this integrative literature review is to examine research related to obesity and CKD development and discuss implications concerning to primary care practice. Methods: Primary studies, review articles, and clinical practice guidelines were analyzed independently and in duplicate using an electronic database. PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and The Cochrane Library were searched separately using identical search criteria. Studies and articles to be analyzed were published within the past five years- January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2014. Study participants must be 18 years or older, obese (body mass index greater than 30), and in any stage of CKD. Results: Preliminary results included nine randomized trials and/or observational studies (8,772 participants) that examined the effect of weight loss on kidney function in adults with CKD. Studies consistently demonstrate kidney function improvement with decreased BMI, independent of weight loss method. Conclusion: The literature review has important implications for primary care providers. Decreasing the severity of obesity greatly improves CKD outcomes in the primary care setting. Obesity and CKD related complications threaten to impact the nation's health and strain healthcare spending unless providers recognize and effectively intervene in these co-morbid conditions increases. The link between these disease processes has significant implications for primary care practice.