Big Data - A collection of data so large that it cannot be stored, transmitted or processed by traditional means. The increasing availability of and need to process such datasets (for example, huge collections of weather or other scientific data) has led to the development of specialised computer technologies, architectures and programming languages.
Cloud storage - Data stored ‘in the cloud’ is handled by a hosting company, relieving the data owner of the need to manage its physical storage. Instead of being stored on a single machine, it may be stored across or moved between multiple machines in different locations. The hosting company is responsible for keeping it available and accessible via the internet.
Copyright - A legal right over intellectual property (e.g. a book) belonging to the creator of the work. While individual data (facts) cannot be copyright, a database will in general be covered by copyright protecting the selection and arrangement of data within it. Within the European Union separate ‘database rights’ protect a database where there was a substantial effort in ‘obtaining’ the data. A copyright holder may use a licence to grant other people rights in the protected material, perhaps subject to specified restrictions.
https://creativecommons.org/Creative Commons - A non-profit organisation founded in 2001 that promotes re-usable content by publishing a number of standard licences, some of them open (though others include a non-commercial clause), that can be used to release content for re-use, together with clear explanations of their meaning.
Embargo - In academia, an embargo is a restriction placed on a work (such as a thesis or dissertation, journal article, or dataset) that allows only the title, abstract, and citation information to be released to the public, while the full content of the work is kept hidden for a limited period of time. Embargoes typically last from one to five years, depending on the authors need.
Open data - Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike. It is free from restrictions such as copyright, patents, or other mechanisms of control. There are two dimensions of data opneness: the data must be legally open (so in the public domain or under minimal restrictions) and it must be technically open (published in electronic formats that are machine readable and non-proprietary, and accessible without password or firewall restrictions) 
FAIR data- FAIR stands for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The FAIR Data Principles (https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/) were developed and endorsed by researchers, publishers, funding agencies and industry partners in 2016 and are designed to enhance the value of all digital resources. The FAIR principles do not prescribe any particular technology, standard, or specification, but rather act as a guide to researchers to aid them in evaluating whether their current data curation practices are sufficient to render their data Findable, Accessible, Inter-operable, and Reusable.
Proprietary software– Proprietary software is owned by a company which restricts the ways in which it can be used. Users normally need to pay to use the software, cannot read or modify the source code, and cannot copy the software or re-sell it as part of their own product. Common examples include Microsoft Excel and Adobe Acrobat.
Proprietary file formats - A proprietary file format is one that a company owns and controls. Information in this format may need proprietary software to be read reliably. The description of the format may be confidential or unpublished, and can be changed by the company at any time. Proprietary software usually reads and saves data in its own proprietary format. For example, different versions of Microsoft Excel use the proprietary XLS and XLSX formats.
Public domain - The term “public domain” refers to creative materials that are not protected by intellectual property laws such as copyright, trademark, or patent laws. The public owns these works, not an individual author or artist. Anyone can use a public domain work without obtaining permission, but no one can ever own it. There is no easy method to determine whether a work is in the public domain because the laws are complex and have changed numerous times over the years
Open source – Normally used to refer to open source software, open source software that is designed to be publicly accessible—anyone can see, modify, and distribute the code as they see fit. Open source software is often developed in a decentralized and collaborative way, relying on peer review and community production. Open source software is often cheaper, more flexible, and has more longevity than its proprietary peers because it is developed by communities rather than a single author or company. However, unlike proprietary software, this also means that some applications may be difficult or expensive to set up, use, and maintain.